Introduction Globalization is an ongoing process integrating economies, industries, markets, cultures, societies and policies around the world. Whether globalization is good or bad is a question that people around the globe are constantly debating over GENERAL INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE SECTOR The Indian economy is emerging as one of the strongest economy of the world with the GDP growth of more than 8% every year. This has given a great support for the development of banking industry in the country. Due to globalization, competition among the banks has drastically been increased Globalization: Introduction, Meaning, Definition and History (1) National identities are being eroded as a result of the growth of cultural homogenization and the global (2) National and other ‘local’ or particularistic identities are being strengthened by the resistance to globalization. (3) Estimated Reading Time: 7 mins
A Sample Globalization Essay
There is no single globalization. There are several globalizations. Its avatar is plural, its processes are historical and its outcomes are varying. And, therefore, instead of calling it globalization, we should call it globalizations.
Globalization, the world over, does not have a Cakewalk. Challenges given to it are by no means ordinary. The legacy of this society goes back to the enlightenment era. It was during this era that we developed a modern social thought which believed that the globalization essay introduction community globalization essay introduction humankind is in all respects the end of object of the highest moral Endeavour.
Underlying this vision is an assumption that at root the needs and interests of all human beings are universally similar, globalization essay introduction. Such a vision has shaped the emancipatory aspirations of both liberalism and Marxism, which have been committed to the eradication of those structures — the state and capitalism respectively deemed to suppress the realization of a cosmopolitan world order based upon liberty, justice and equality for all of humanity.
Society is now changing so fast that globalization seems to be the only alternative for the world. Revolution in information technology and an ever-increasing role of mass media have strengthened the ideology put forward by enlightenment and modernity.
Certainly, there can be little doubt that the world is being re-made around us, that radical changes are under way which may be transforming the fundamental parameters of modern human, globalization essay introduction, social and political existence. There is always a fear that the nation-state would lose its identity and importance. And, who knows, the state itself would die. There is yet another fear that the gap between the rich and the poor would increase. It is also argued that globalization is nothing short of a cultural bombardment on the developing countries by the western modernity — capitalism, industrialism and the nation-state system.
And, the supporters of globalization — its intellectual lobby, keep on threatening as Fukuyama would say — there is end of history; there is no alternative to capitalism, since socialism has collapsed. Let us explore globalization from the perspective of sociology.
Any discussion on globalization — its meaning and content — should necessarily begin with Roland Robertson, who could be said to be father of globalization. It was in the year that Mike Featherstone edited a book, globalization essay introduction, Global Culture Sage Publications, London which appeared in the market.
It is here that Robertson for the first time explained the concept of globalization. Surely, global culture is not the culture of a particular nation-state, say, U, globalization essay introduction. S or Europe, the culture of a nation-state cannot be global culture because it is homogeneous and integrated, globalization essay introduction. Global culture is, therefore, globalization essay introduction trans-societal culture which takes a variety of forms which have preceded the inter-state relations into which nation-states can be regarded as being embedded, and processes which sustain the exchange and flow of goods, people, information, knowledge and images which give rise to communication processes which gain sane autonomy on a global level.
Robertson refers to political upheavals, which took place at the world level in the beginning of The shaking events, which took place in China, the U. and Europe, disturbed the traditional world order. We have entered a phase of what appears to us in s as great global uncertainty — so much so that the very idea of uncertainty promises to become globally institutionalized.
For Robertson, the beginning of the idea of globalization goes back to the global uncertainty of globalization essay introduction relations between world nation- states, globalization essay introduction.
In his effort to define globalization, Robertson links it with modernity and post-modernity. He also mentions about the politics of the global human conditions. I deal with globalization as a relatively recent phenomenon. In fact, I argue that it is intimately related to modernity and modernization, globalization essay introduction, as well as to post-modernity and post-modernization… All that I am maintaining is that the concept of globalization per se should be applied to a particular series of developments concerning the concrete structuration of the world as a whole.
In other words, globalization is a comprehensive process, which includes both modernization and post-modernization. It would be wrong to say that the origin of globalization is from intra-societal relations. Nor is the origin from inter-state relations. Its making, according to Robertson, has been much more complex and culturally richer than that. It is inclusive of both modernity and post-modernity, globalization essay introduction.
I maintain that what has come to be called globalization is, in spite of differing conceptions of that theme, best understood as indicating the problem of the form in terms of which the world becomes united, but by no means integrated in naive functionalist mode. Globalization as a topic is, in other words, a conceptual entry to the problem of world order in the most general sense — but, nevertheless, an entry which has no Cognitive purchase without considerable discussion of historical and globalization essay introduction matters.
The issue grew out of a multidisciplinary committee on global processes that was set up by the Swedish Council for the Planning and Coordination of Research. Consequently, a thematic research programme on globalization had also been made. The International Sociology has shown its concern for the world society as late as Its guest editor for the June issue, Goran Therborn, globalization essay introduction, has defined globalization as under:.
In comparison with the preoccupations of the social sciences years earlier, the current overriding interest in globalization means two things, globalization essay introduction. First of all, a substitution of the global for the universal, a substitution of space for time…. This issue of International Sociology is concerned with the implications of globalizations as plural, historical, social processes both for the practice of social science and for the understanding of world issues.
Therborn has further elaborated the subject matter of globalization and includes in it five major topical discourses, namely:. We shall discuss all these discourses on globalization at a later state.
Anthony Giddens has written extensively on modernization. He assumes importance in the discussion of globalization for the simple reason that for him globalization is the direct consequence of modernization. Robertson did not think this way. He did not link modernization with globalization. Giddens argues that each of the three main dynamics of modernization implies universalizing tendencies which render social relations even more inclusive. They make possible global network of relationships e.
Time-space distanciation, disembodying and reflexivity mean that complex relationships globalization essay introduction between local activities and interaction across distances. Giddens defines globalization in his book. Globalization can thus be defined as the intensification of worldwide social relations, which links distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shared by events occurring many miles away and vice versa. This is a dialectical process because such local happenings may move in an obverse direction from the very distanciated relations that shape them, globalization essay introduction.
Local transformation is as much a part of globalization as the lateral extension of social connections across time and space.
For him, modernization means a capitalist system, which is concerned with the commodity production, where there are social relations between the owners of private capital and globalization essay introduction who sell their labour for wages.
All these features of modernity are involved in the process of globalization. He adds to these features the process of time-space distanciation as a prime globalization essay introduction of globalization. Malcolm Waters have done quite a helpful work on globalization in his book Globalization We can therefore define globalization as a social process in which the constraints of geography on social and cultural arrangements recede and in which people become increasingly aware that they are receding.
Actually, Waters, quite like Giddens, associates globalization with the wider social processes such as post-industrialization, post-modernization and the disorganization of capitalism. We have globalization essay introduction earlier that globalization has several aspects. Waters has dealt with three major theoretical assumptions or arenas of globalization.
It includes social arrangements for the production, exchange, distribution and consumption of goods and tangible services. It includes social arrangements for the concentration and application of power, especially in so far as it involves the organized exchange of coercion and surveillance military, police, etc, globalization essay introduction.
as well as such institutionalized transformations of these practices as authority and diplomacy that can establish control over populations and territories, globalization essay introduction. It includes social arrangements for the production, exchange and expression of symbols that represent globalization essay introduction, affects, meanings, beliefs, preferences, tastes and values. Waters has tried to develop a theory of globalization. The main thrust of his theory is that globalization has relationship between social organization and territoriality.
The theorem of globalization in terms of theoretical paradigm as developed by Waters is as under:. In summary, the theorem that guides the argument of this book is that: material exchanges localize; political exchanges internationalize; symbolic exchanges globalize. It follows that the globalization of human society is contingent on the extent to which cultural arrangements are effective relatives to economic and political arrangements.
We can expect the economy and the polity to be globalized to the extent that they are culturalized. Thus, a broad survey of the definitions of globalization brings forth two major aspects. One is the economic context and the other is non-economic context. The non-economic context broadly includes socio-cultural, historical and political dimensions of globalization.
Economic context of globalization seems to be stronger and louder, globalization essay introduction. Globalization is the process by which markets and productions in different countries are becoming increasingly interdependent due to dynamics of trade in goods and services and flows of capital and technology. However, the economic interpretation of the European Commission is contested by several authors, important among them is Thompson He argues that the nature of the internationalized world economy would be a non-timed nationally embedded capital.
Here, the principal private actors are the multinational corporations having a clear national base and working under the control of the home country, authorities, globalization essay introduction. In contrast, the globalized world economy represents a new structure of disembodied economic relationships independent of national economics. The definition of globalization which is contested by Thompson makes five important improvements:. Actually, the world capitalist system has undergone several changes.
The Marxist theory of capitalism, as an explanatory tool to analyze capitalism, has become irrelevant after the disintegration of Soviet Russia. This capitalism has considerably altered the structure of global financial system, and with the computerization and communication, the significance of instantaneous international coordination of financial flows increased and intensified the reduction of spatial barriers Harvey, He has applied Marxian theory to the understanding of globalization.
According to him, the existing integrated world capitalist economy dates back to the 16th century. The transition from feudalism to capitalism involves first of all first logically and first temporary the creation of a world economy. Wallerstein says that the national economics got a shift during 20th century.
It has ultimately resulted in the globalization essay introduction of capitalist world economy from its primary location in Europe to the entire globe. What he argues is that the capitalism, which was restricted to Europe, went beyond it and covered the whole world. It also integrates political and cultural variables.
What is Globalisation?
, time: 2:08Globalization: Introduction, Meaning, Definition and History
· Globalization Essay. Globalization is a process of integrating trade and commerce throughout the globe. Governments, private companies and even people merge their differences and intermingle, interact, devise new trade policies, bringing different cultures and countries closer to each other. Unprecedented advancements in transport and communication technologies have added to the growth of blogger.comted Reading Time: 9 mins Introduction Globalisation defined simply, is the process of international integration derived from the exchange of culture that is fuelled by the movement of investment funds and businesses beyond domestic and national markets (Investopedia, ) Introduction Globalization is an ongoing process integrating economies, industries, markets, cultures, societies and policies around the world. Whether globalization is good or bad is a question that people around the globe are constantly debating over
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